WSP Energy

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Advancing Future Ready® Clean Energy Solutions

Energy

Advancing Future Ready® Clean Energy Solutions

2023

Table of Contents

About WSP

Underground Storage

Battery Storage

Offshore Wind

Conventional and Distributed Generation

Onshore Wind

Hydropower

Solar

Nuclear

Transmission and Distribution

Electrification

Hydrogen

1 3

Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage

WSP USA Energy

Who We Are About WSP As one of the world’s leading professional services firms, WSP brings clarity and vision to complex challenges by providing comprehensive and resilient solutions. We specialize in strategic advisory, program management, construction management, consultation, engineering and design services for public and private clients around the globe. We create value for our clients through the thoughtful integration of sustainable practices and innovative expertise. We shape the communities of tomorrow and help society thrive.

What We Stand For Our Guiding Principles

We value our people and our reputation.

We are the sum of our collective passion, vision and expertise. Our international agility allows us to foster collaboration in everything we do. Working as one integrated firm, we offer broad interdisciplinary expertise on every project. Our strength is our ability to adapt to our client culture and local markets.

We are future-focused and challenge the status quo.

We have been delivering top notch engineering services with a common-sense business approach since 1885. We are experts in anticipating environmental trends and positioning innovative ideas that move the world forward while simultaneously protecting the environment. This is the foundation of our Future Ready® approach.

We are locally dedicated with international scale.

We think globally and act locally to enhance the communities in which we live. Our international employee network of 66,000+ includes engineers, planners, specialists, strategic advisors, technicians, scientists, architects, surveyors, program managers and construction managers located in 50 countries.

We foster collaboration in everything we do.

We embrace a high-performance culture and fosters a stimulating work environment. We encourage our professionals to learn from each other through various forms of teamwork. This creates a comprehensive and reliable result for our clients.

Fast Company wrote that WSP “draws more than half of its revenue from companies with positive environmental impacts in line with the United Social Development Goals.”

We have an empowering culture and hold ourselves accountable.

We are accountable for tomorrow. Our proactive leadership is client-focused, agile and responsive. Our client-centric focus empowers our staff to create enduring solutions essential to our future and the future of our clients.

Learn more

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WSP USA Energy

Employees Worldwide * 66,000 +

International Agility

We are WSP — and our 66,000 professionals, across the world, are united by a common purpose — to future-proof our cities and environment.

6,000 NORDICS

12,000 CANADA

12,000 UK & CENTRAL EUROPE

16,500 UNITED STATES

3,400 ASIA

1,600 AFRICA

4,100 MIDDLE EAST & INDIA

4,350 CENTRAL & SOUTH AMERICA

6,800 AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND

WSP serves every step of the way. WSP provides clients with a one-stop solution for planning, design and

implementation of challenging energy projects. We help our clients maximize assets, improve efficiencies and translate the latest process technologies into workable designs — whatever the field or the scale of their operations. Our extensive experience spans traditional power generation, renewable energy, battery storage and resilient transmission and distribution systems. We provide a full range of specialist services to owners, operators and lenders, including feasibility studies; advisory and environmental services; engineering design; and program and project management.

* As of April 2023

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WSP USA Energy

What We Do Our Services

Earth and Environment Climate, Resiliency and Sustainability

Advisory Services

Planning Services

WSP develops creative, comprehensive and sustainable engineering solutions for a future where society can thrive. Our world class talent and proactive leaders plan, design, manage and engineer long lasting solutions to uniquely complex problems. Our experts provide a full suite of services— advisory, planning/permitting support, environmental, engineering design, program/project management, construction management and commissioning—to deliver projects that are efficient, reliable and resilient. We provide solutions based on our Future Ready® approach, which analyzes current trends to find creative strategies that deliver projects and help clients prepare for a changing future.

Project Delivery Program Management and Construction Management

Design Services

Energy

Digital and Technology Solutions

Property and Buildings

Future Ready®

Transportation and Infrastructure

Safety and Security

Water И

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WSP USA Energy

Our Future Ready® Energy Solutions WSP provides comprehensive services to generate and distribute energy from water, sun, wind, biomass, soil, compost, waste and various types of surplus energy. We work on forward-looking tasks and provide comprehensive solutions for microgrids, central utility plants, utility-scale offshore wind, underground hydrogen storage, renewable energy and battery storage systems. ° Renewable Energy and Cleaner Technologies ° Resilient Power Generation and Distribution Systems Advancing the Energy Transition WSP is at the forefront of the energy transition to create a zero-carbon future. We are advancing the energy transition through comprehensive services across the project life cycle. Our experts across the U.S. and abroad are leaders in the development and execution of permitting strategies to help clients navigate all project stages, from planning through post construction operations. Our renewable energy center of excellence combines organizational structures of managers, specialists, engineers and technicians with multidisciplinary leadership and specialties. We are focused, experienced and skilled in civil, structural, electrical, geotechnical, mechanical and hydraulic engineering for the energy sector. Our innovative and efficient documentation management system saves time and effort while maintaining the highest standards of quality. We are advancing the energy transition.

Energy

WSP is a leading provider of program management and technical services to the energy market.

WSP helps clients across all energy sectors unlock opportunities to meet the rising demand for power, maintain secure/reliable energy supplies, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and deliver future energy schemes to create a sustainable world. Our global network of dedicated energy specialists, environmental consultants and multidisciplinary engineers understand the connection between power and the natural environment. We work with owners, operators and lenders to maximize assets, improve efficiencies and translate the latest process technologies into workable designs. We bring the skills, scale and financial backing that you expect of a large professional services firm with the level of personal attention, innovation and entrepreneurship you might anticipate from a small consultancy. Our extensive experience spans traditional power generation to emerging renewable technologies. We offer cost-effective solutions to optimize operations. We understand what success looks like and work closely to achieve desired outcomes and strategies to implement the highest standards of quality.

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WSP USA Energy

Our Future Ready® OSW Solutions

Offshore Wind Harnessing the power of offshore wind and delivering integrated, cost-effective solutions.

WSP offers insight into the evolution of the U.S. OSW market and regulatory regime. Our OSW team members hold leadership roles on the American Clean Power (ACP) OSW Subcommittee (part of the Wind Standards Committee) and actively participate in development of technical guidance. We successfully design offshore foundations for wind turbines and substations and recently received the Ventus Award for Advancement in Project Siting & Development by the Business Network for Offshore Wind regarding our innovative cable routing work for New York State Energy and Research Development Authority (NYSERDA). ° Environmental and Permitting ° Wind Resource and Metocean Studies ° Geophysical and Geotechnical ° Power System Studies ° Substations and Transmission Lines ° Cable Route Planning and Engineering ° Offshore Structures ° Port Planning and Engineering

We have contributed to over 80% of the contracted OSW capacity in the U.S., representing over 14 gigawatts (GW). We bring perspective from diverse project experiences and add value to our clients' portfolios, helping to manage risk in uncertain environments. Globally, WSP has supported dozens of projects, with experience in nearly every international OSW market.

WSP has the global expertise and local knowledge to support developers, owners and operators as they seek to realize the potential of clean energy resources and face the challenges of efficiently meeting energy demand while protecting the environment. There is increasing global recognition that offshore wind (OSW) can help with both. OSW energy development continues to grow, and the cost effectiveness of large-scale wind generation systems continues to improve.

We help clients accurately assess energy yield; navigate the complex permitting and approvals process; characterize site conditions; meet unique design and construction requirements; implement technologies needed to install and operate offshore generation systems; maintain stable grid interconnections; and manage costs. We work on all facets of an offshore wind project, from stakeholder engagement to cable system and offshore structure designs.

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WSP USA Energy

OSW and Onshore Wind Cable Corridor Constraints Assessment

Sunrise Wind OSW HVDC Converter Station

New Jersey Wind Port (NJWP)

LOCATION Offshore Atlantic Ocean, New York

CLIENT New York State Energy and Research Authority (NYSERDA)

LOCATION Offshore Atlantic Ocean, Massachusetts

CLIENT Aker Solutions

LOCATION Lower Alloways Creek, New Jersey

CLIENT New Jersey Economic Development Corporation (NJEDA)

PROJECT ELEMENTS

Contributing to Near York State 9 GW OSW 2035 Goal Cable Routing Desktop Assessment/Geospatial Analysis Constraints and Mitigation Evaluation Environmental Permitting GIS Data Layers and Model 2022 Ventus Award for Advancement in Project Siting and Development

First U.S. High-Voltage Direct Current Offshore Converter Platform 924 MW System in Federal Waters Design Basis and Codes and Standards Hierarchy Regulatory Compliance and Approval Support Certified Verification Agency Engagement Engineer-of-Record Design and Construction

$3.3 Million Phase 1 Owner's Representative Project State-of-the-Art Marshaling Port and Manufacturing Site Site Planning, Permitting and Geotechnical Evaluations Design, Costs Estimates, Schedule Development and Procurement of Construction Manager at Risk Dredging Design, Environmental Compliance nd Existing Infrastructure Monitoring Program

° Read Case Study

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Offshore Wind

WSP USA Energy

Our Future Ready® Onshore Wind Solutions WSP provides a full suite of design and environmental services. Owners, developers, contractors, turbine suppliers and lenders trust us to plan and deliver their largest and most complex onshore wind energy projects. Our experts have deep technical capabilities and guide clients through sustainability strategy, resource management, supply chain engagement and climate preparedness. Our suite of services is designed to efficiently transition market knowledge and best practices into the organization in support of low-carbon renewable energy operations. ° Preliminary Site Optimizations ° Balance-of-Plant Engineering ° Strategic Environmental Assessments (SEAs), Permits, Approvals and Impact Studies ° Constraints Identification, Mapping and Site Assessments ° WindServer™ Wind Measurement Equipment and Data Quality Control (QC) Installation ° Wind Turbine Selection and End-of-Life (EoL) Analysis ° Construction and Commissioning Oversight ° Due Diligence and Project Acquisitions ° Wind Turbine Power-Curve Testing and Production Review ° Utility Interconnections ° Equipment, Technologies and Manufacturers Evaluation ° Factory-Acceptance Test Witnessing and Manufacturing Quality Reviews

Onshore Wind Realizing the benefits of onshore wind through green power risk assessment and coordinated action.

WSP delivers renewable energy guidance to achieve sustainability and organizational objectives. We provide impartial technical and financial evaluations of renewable projects and products and facilitate renewable energy purchases to maximize positive impacts. The onshore wind energy industry is maturing and continues to grow. Large projects, particularly where federal tax incentives may apply, increasingly provide the greatest opportunities for return on investment (ROI).

However, these projects often involve short time frames, technical challenges and environmental risks, all of which may threaten ROI. We can help. Regardless of a project’s size, scope, schedule or budget, we have the global expertise and local knowledge to meet these challenges. Our reputation is built on providing quality advisory and technical services for hundreds of wind power projects, including large projects with compressed timelines.

Organizations have an increasing array of options available for implementing renewable energy in their operations, which can help manage costs, meet stakeholder expectations and achieve sustainability goals. Sustainability, energy, facilities and finance teams must consider applicability, environmental impact and cost-effectiveness when developing and implementing a renewable energy strategy.

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WSP USA Energy

Lempster Wind Farm Power Project

Rock River Wind Farm

Wind Acquisition Due Diligence Portfolio

LOCATION Lempster, New Hampshire

CLIENT Iberdrola/Avangrid Renewables

LOCATION PacifiCorp

CLIENT Carbon County, Wyoming

LOCATION Hawaii, Colorado, Indiana, Kansas, Minnesota, Michigan, Nebraska

CLIENT Capital Power

PROJECT ELEMENTS

First Commercial-Scale Wind Power Project in New Hampshire 24 MW System on Two-Mile Stretch of Mountain Ridge Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Preliminary Evaluation and Conceptual Site Design Wetlands/Potential Wetland Impacts, Avian/Bat, Raptor, Biological Resource and Habitat Evaluation Surveys Environmental Compliance and Permitting

53 MW Wind Re-Powered Generating Facility Geotechnical Study for Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Assessed Existing 11-Mile Overhead MV Collection Served as Engineer-of-Record Services Prepared Full Civil, Structural and Electrical Design, Including Gravity-Based WTG Foundation Designs

21-470 MW Operational and Strategic Advisory Risk Assessment Criteria and Probabilistic Cost Estimates Noise and Shadow Flicker Assessments Cultural Resources, Biological Resource and Water Resources Desktop Assessments

° Read Case Study

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Onshore Wind

WSP USA Energy

Our Future Ready® Solar Solutions

Solar Designing high-performance solar energy projects that support developers, financiers, contracts, governments and offtakers alike.

WSP services include specification development, market research, due diligence, design review, energy yield assessment (EYA), engineering design, requests for proposal preparation and site management. Our work in utility-scale arrays translates seamlessly into commercial and industrial projects. ° Planning and Site Screening ° Feasibility, Grid Integration and Network Studies ° Resource and EYA ° Conceptual Engineering and Initial Planning ° Detailed Design and Facility Engineering ° Technical and Environmental Due Diligence ° Lender’s Technical Advisor or Lender’s Engineer ° Environmental and Geotechnical Permitting ° OE Construction and Commissioning

WSP offers global reach and expertise in solar energy engineering design and technical advisory services to help solar energy developers overcome the significant challenges in planning and executing high-performance solar energy projects. From accurately assessing energy yield to developing and integrating viable strategies for energy storage, we support the industry’s leading developers, lenders and builders in all aspects of solar photovoltaic (PV) power plants. We provide owner’s engineer (OE) and engineer of record (EOR) services during all stages of project development, including initial feasibility studies, design, construction and commissioning. Our specialists are fully versed in the most up-to-date PV technologies available for installation. We know where these technologies can be deployed to maximize efficiency and reduce costs. We have worked on various solar thermal, ground- and building-mounted PV solar arrays, building-integrated PV and on/off-grid generation projects around the world.

° Operational Monitoring ° Government Advisory

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WSP USA Energy

Nationwide Solar Portfolio Development Program

Morris Ridge Solar Energy Center

Large-Scale (1 GW) Solar Development Portfolio

LOCATION Multiple Locations, Texas, Colorado, Pennsylvania, Maryland and New Jersey

CLIENT Enel Green Power North America, Inc. (EGPNA)

LOCATION Livingston County, New York

CLIENT EDF Renewables

LOCATION Texas

CLIENT Total Renewables USA

PROJECT ELEMENTS

13 Utility-Scale Owner's Engineer (OE) Projects 50-500 MW Conceptual Solar and BESS Design Photovoltaic (PV) System Optimization and Energy Yield Assessment (EYA) Preliminary (30%) and Electrical Designs/Studies Civil Design, Hydrologic Studies, HEC Modeling and Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plans (SWPPPs) Transportation and Logistics Studies

177 MW Solar and 83 MW BESS on 1,000 Acres 230 kV Transmission Line and Two (2) Substations OE Services and Article 10 Permitting Process Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Transportation Impact, Electric/Magnetic Field and Hydrological Studies SWPPP and Geotechnical Investigation

OE, Procurement and Permitting/Approval Support 1,000 MW Solar and 300 MW BESS Design Balance-of-Plant Engineering Major Equipment Operations and Maintenance Substation and Gen-Tie Planning Aggressive Project Timelines Comprehensive Procurement Strategy

° Read Case Study

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Solar

WSP USA Energy

Our Future Ready® T&D Solutions

Transmission and Distribution Across the project life cycle. Globally, WSP has engineered more than 20,000 miles of transmission and distribution (T&D) lines and associated substations at voltages up to 500 kV, totaling 50,000 MW of generating capacity worldwide. Our environmental and regulatory experts provide detailed engineering on permanent and temporary substations for quick connection to rapidly growing power networks. Our T&D experts bring the benefits of modern techniques to make siting projects more efficient, reliable and safe. Our T&D team specializes in environmental planning, permitting, regulatory filings, engineering design, environmental monitoring, best management practices and transmission line construction controls. We create condition assessment reports on behalf of utility companies and develop economically efficient asset replacement strategies within the financial constraints imposed by company balance sheets. WSP has completed over 400 transmission line projects in the U.S. ranging from 34.5 to 765 kV and up to 800 miles in length, totaling 6,000 miles of electric transmission projects.

We are internationally recognized for pioneering work in extra-high-voltage (EHV) transmission. We introduced the concept of high-voltage interconnection between contiguous regions, including the first application of high-speed single-phase auto-reclosing on an EHV system. We completed the first 330 kV system in Africa and the first 500 kV transmission system in South America while introducing 500 kV transmission into Southeast Asia.

WSP has one of the most experienced electric transmission line routing and siting teams in the U.S. We have conducted over 300 transmission related siting and permitting projects in 30 states over the past 15 years. We can help on all types of terrain, from open, rural areas to congested urban environments. ° Program and Project Management ° System Planning ° Transmission Studies ° Substation Design ° Distribution ° Equipment Evaluation ° Environmental Planning and Permitting ° Routing and Siting ° Licensing and Regulatory Support ° Civil Engineering ° Access Road Design ° Public Outreach ° Expert Witness Testimony

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WSP USA Energy

MSA Routing and Siting Support Program

Mesa Substation

Champlain Hudson Power Express® (CHPE)

LOCATION Multiple Locations, Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Virginia and West Virginia

CLIENT American Electric Power (AEP)

LOCATION Los Angeles County, California

CLIENT California Public Utility Commission (CPUC)

LOCATION Multiple Statewide Locations, New York

CLIENT Transmission Developers

PROJECT ELEMENTS

80+ Power Projects Master Service Agreement (MSA) Transmission Line Siting and Civil Engineering Environmental Permitting and Regulatory Assistance Line Route Evaluations and Alternative Analyses Public Outreach and Open House Support Project Mapping and Environmental Materials

$600+ Million, 500 kV Substation Rebuild on 70 Acres Transmission Infrastructure Upgrades Tripling Site Multi-Year Environmental Investigation and Remediation Mitigation Monitoring Oversight

U.S. Portion of Largest North American High-Voltage Direct Current Transmission Line Project (339 Miles) 400 kV System with 1,250 MW Capacity 10.4 TW Annual Hours of Clean Renewable Energy Owner's Engineer and Environmental Compliance Environmental Management and Construction Plan

° Read Case Study

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T&D

WSP USA Energy

Our Future Ready® Hydrogen Solutions

Hydrogen Accelerating growth of the new hydrogen economy and serving as the industry's partner of choice.

WSP integrates our analysis of future trends into our work. We shape technical innovations and are committed to advancing the hydrogen market through sustainable outcomes based on our ESG principles. ° Feasibility Studies and Site Selection ° Cavern Design and Permitting ° Drilling Operations ° Solution Mining ° Pipeline Design ° Water Sourcing and Management ° Environmental Planning and Permitting ° Process Safety Management ° Procurement and Construction Management ° Process Engineering ° Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) Feasibility, Design and Permitting ° Wastewater Engineering

WSP is at the forefront of the effort to decarbonize the global economy and secure a clean energy future. We are actively supporting the growth and development of the new global hydrogen (H 2 ) economy as an essential aspect of the clean energy future. Our "whole energy system” approach covers services in major areas, including energy infrastructure, hydrogen production/distribution, underground storage and hydrogen refueling facilities. We support clients across the cycle of production, storage, distribution and utilization of hydrogen. Our experts apply their extensive knowledge to decarbonize industries and make major H 2 projects a reality.

Our robust and growing portfolio of hydrogen projects sets us apart, including our earliest hydrogen designs where we managed drilling and solution mining for one of only three hydrogen storage caverns in the U.S. We have helped clients successfully deliver iconic projects, including a hydrogen storage cavern with a 5.5 billion cubic feet working capacity. We are current working on a signature project in Utah that will be the world’s largest “green hydrogen” underground storage facility when completed and will contribute to decarbonization of the Western U.S. power grid.

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WSP USA Energy

Green Hydrogen Storage Facility

Hydrogen Storage Cavern

Storage Asset Evaluation and Optimization

LOCATION Utah

CLIENT Magnum Development and Mitsubishi Power Americas

LOCATION Texas

CLIENT Air Liquide

LOCATION Confidential Locations, United States

CLIENT Confidential Client

PROJECT ELEMENTS

Two (2) Large 300 GWh Hydrogen Storage Caverns for Advanced Clean Energy Storage (ACES) Delta U.S. Department of Energy Financing Design and Drilling Operations Surface Facility Design and Solution Mining Process Management Environmental Management and Construction Plan

Salt Dome Site Selection Support Feasibility Study Cavern and Wellbore Design Drilling Management Storage Facility Solution Mining Leaching-to-Hydrogen Storage Conversion Management and Configuration

Feasibility Studies on Conversion of Natural Gas Caverns to Store Hydrogen Evaluated Re-Purposing of Existing Cavern Well Key Considerations Included Cavern Operating Parameters, Wellbore Schematics, Cemented Casings, Metallurgy and Wellhead Design

° Read Case Study

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Hydrogen

WSP USA Energy

Our Future Ready® CCUS Solutions

Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage Carbon management solutions for a net zero world.

WSP provides a full suite of CCUS services, including geologic feasibility studies; UIC Class VI and CARB permitting (requisite reservoir injection modeling expertise; monitoring plans and well design); surface facility design (CO 2 capture equipment, compression and piping design); and general contractor services for well drilling, completion, maintenance and monitoring. ° Advisory ° Geologic Feasibility Studies ° Underground Injection Control (UIC) Permitting ° Monitoring and Modeling ° Well Design ° Drilling ° Surface Facility Design ° Construction ° Workovers ° Testing ° Reporting and Compliance

WSP offers technical and advisory services regarding geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide within the carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) framework. Around the world, new ways of producing and consuming energy are emerging with a focus on low carbon solutions to meet net zero goals. We help clients reduce their carbon footprint through various clean energy strategies, including CCUS, hydrogen production, storage, distribution and utilization.

CCUS and hydrogen are part of our Future Ready® approach, aimed at shaping a sustainable future and advancing environmental, social and governance (ESG) principles. We have long been a CCUS leader, from our early work in designing and drilling Class II acid gas injection wells for carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide to our current work on Class VI wells. We were recently named a market leader for ESG and sustainability consulting by the research firm, Verdantix.

We offer experience and expertise across the full hydrogen value chain. Our “Whole Energy System” approach covers the hydrogen economy, with services in major energy infrastructure, hydrogen production, distribution, underground storage and hydrogen refueling facilities. Our experts have a deep understanding of hydrogen economics.

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WSP USA Energy

Geologic Screenings – Class II Acid Gas Injection (AGI) Wells

HyNet North West Hydrogen and CO 2 Pipelines

Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) Project

LOCATION Confidential Locations, United States

CLIENT Confidential Client

LOCATION Multiple Locations, England and Wales, United Kingdom

CLIENT Progressive Energy

LOCATION Confidential Location, United States

CLIENT DTE Energy

PROJECT ELEMENTS

Carbon Monoxide (CO 2 ) Geologic Screenings Disposal Through Class II AGI Wells Determine Viability of Subsurface Geologic Confinement at Several Gas Processing Facilities

First UK Carbon Capture and Storage infrastructure 10 Million Tons of CO 2 Emissions Reduction Per Year (Equivalent to Taking 4 Million Cars Off the Road) Based Production of Low Carbon Hydrogen From Natural Gas 50% – Project Could Ultimately Provide Nearly Half of Total Hydrogen Needed to Meet UK Net Zero Target 6,000 New Potential Permanent Jobs

Early-Phase Feasibility, Preliminary Design and Permitting Evaluations Several Alternative Carbon Storage Hub Scenarios — Truck, Pipeline and CO 2 Barge Transport Stakeholder Engagement Efforts — Local Municipalities, Counties, State and Federal Agencies

Necessary Permit Application Development Monitoring, Reporting and Verification Plans

Program Environmental Impact Report Underground Injective Control Permitting

° Read Case Study

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Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage

WSP USA Energy

Our Future Ready® UGS Solutions

Underground Storage Pioneering design and development of underground storage.

WSP is committed to enhancing the UGS market through our resilient, sustainable and multidisciplinary expertise. ° Salt Caverns and Cavern Design ° Geologic Feasibility Studies and Permitting of Underground Injection Control (UIC) Wells ° Well Design and Drilling ° Reservoir/Aquifer Natural Gas Storage ° Hard Rock Caverns ° Carbon Monoxide (CO 2 ) and Hydrogen (H 2 ) Sludge Disposal Acid Gas Injection (AGI) Wells ° Surface Leaching Facilities/Brine Pipelines and Pumping Station ° Facility Operations ° Subsidence ° Solution Mining ° Well Testing/Mechanical Integrity Tests (MITs) ° Well Repair and Maintenance ° Well Purchase and Acquisition (P&A) ° Field Supervision ° Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) Support ° Compliance and Procurement ° Project Controls

Our group started in 1977 with the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, a nd we haven’t stopped since. We provide a comprehensive range of site underground consultancy and services, and supply instrumentation equipment for projects throughout the world. We can draw on a wide range of in-house knowledge and experience to deliver state-of-the-art, cost-effective solutions using methods, such as geophysical surveying, geotechnical characterization, hydrogeological testing and instrumentation.

Underground storage (UGS) is the safest, most reliable way to store liquids and gases at scale. UGS utilizes geologic structures to store natural gas, petroleum, hydrocarbons, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and other gases. Most American Gulf Coast UGS is in salt domes. However, salt beds, depleted oil and gas reservoirs, saline aquifers and hard rock caverns are also used to store our nation’s energy reserves and critical resources. UGS is free from inclement weather, vandalism and terrorism.

WSP specializes in underground injection control for saltwater disposal wells, carbon dioxide sequestration and acid gas injection wells. We work with midstream companies, utility companies and developers to safely store their products permanently or temporarily. We have extensive experience in assisting clients with a wide range of technical services in the assessment and development of salt cavern underground storage facilities.

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WSP USA Energy

Liquid Butane Storage Cavern

Butane Storage Cavern

Clemens Cavern Terminal

LOCATION Neal, West Virginia

CLIENT MPLX Terminal Storage, LLC

LOCATION Robinson, Illinois

CLIENT Marathon Pipe Line, LLC

LOCATION Brazoria County, Texas

CLIENT Phillips 66 Partners LP

PROJECT ELEMENTS

1.4-Million-Barrel Capacity, 650-Feet Deep Underground Cavern for Butane Storage Engineering-Procurement-Construction (EPC) Management Services Modified “Room and Pillar” Design With Series of Lateral Drifts Separated by Pillars to Maintain Structural Integrity Concurrent Drilling of Three (3) Shafts — Service, Production and Ventilation — Saved Approximately Two Months on Project Schedule

Engineering, Procurement and Construction Management (EPCM) and Fast-Track Phase I Facility Developments Surface/Subsurface Feasibility and Design Engineering Drilling of Five (5) Storage Cavern Wells and Six (6) High Rate Brine Disposal Wells Design/Construction of 12,000 HP Leaching Plant and Associated Infrastructure 1.2-Million-Barrel Brine Pond

Hard-Rock Liquid-Butane Storage Cavern With One (1) Million Barrel Capacity Site Screenings and Geotechnical Feasibility Studies for Cavern Development Managed Drilling 8-Foot-Diameter Main Shaft and Two (2) 36-Inch-Diameter Ventilation/Pump Shafts Lump-Sum Turnkey Contract to Complete Cavern Excavation

° Read Case Study

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Underground Storage

WSP USA Energy

Our Future Ready® BESS Solutions

Battery Storage Designing balance-of-system solutions.

WSP offers a broad range of engineering and project management services for the generation, storage, transmission, and distribution of power from both renewable and non-renewable energy sources. Our integrated technical and consulting services include: ° EOR and Civil/Structural/Electrical Detailed Design ° Site-Specific Grading, Drainage/ Hydrology, Erosion Control, Access and Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plans (SWPPPs) ° Detailed Simulations, Modeling and Optimization of Equipment, Sizing and Configuration ° Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) integrations/Technical Support and Grid-Impact Studies ° Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) ° Value Engineering and Evaluation ° Operations and Maintenance (O&M) and System Augmentation Strategies ° Feasibility Studies and Leveled Cost of-Storage Assessments ° Incentives, Market Mechanisms and Revenue Streams Profitability ° Factory Acceptance Test Witnessing and Manufacturing Quality Assessment Testing ° Network And Protection Designs Incorporating Innovative Technologies ° Technical Specifications and Proposal Evaluations

WSP provides detailed engineering and engineer of-record (EOR) services for battery energy storage system (BESS) projects for renewable energy facility integrations and at the transmission and distribution levels. BESS hold tremendous potential as it offsets the intermittency of renewable energy technologies (solar and wind) and allows decarbonized economies to edge closer to reality. BESS can help balance supply and demand within the grid, while delivering power to remote areas.

However, there are challenges as the cost of utility scale, lithium-ion battery storage continues to decline, developing a long-term, cost-effective system is essential. We have the experience and multidisciplinary technical expertise to guide you from project inception to completion. Our team includes licensed civil, structural and electrical engineers across the U.S. to support development and construction of projects in any location.

We are a recognized global leader in utility-scale renewable energy and battery storage systems. We focus our expertise on detailed engineering design services that cover electrical, civil and structural engineering for facilities, from technical specifications to site construction supervision. Our client base includes owners, independent power producers (IPPs) and engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) contractors who build these projects.

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WSP USA Energy

Edwards and Sanborn Solar PV and BESS Project

Broad View Energy Center

Texas Waves Battery Energy Storage Projects

LOCATION Kern County, California

CLIENT Mortenson Construction

LOCATION Billings, Montana

CLIENT Broad Reach Power

LOCATION Sweetwater, Texas

CLIENT RWE Renewables

PROJECT ELEMENTS

Largest U.S. Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) Design Coordination, Submittal Reviews, Interconnection Coordination, Controls Narrative Full-Time On-Site Plant Commissioning Support 118 MW Solar, 2165 MWh 950 MW BESS 2.5 Million Solar and 100,000 Lithium-Ion Battery Modules Engineering-Procurement-Construction (EPC) Contract

Four (4) 710-MWac Solar Generation Projects 250 MW Wind and 500 MW 2,000 MWh BESS AC and DC Coupled Energy Storage Energy Yield and Capital/Operational Expenditure Estimates Integrated System

Two (2) 9.9 MWac/4.5 MWh Projects Balance-of-Plant Design Engineer Electrical/Civil/Structural Engineering, Designs and Studies Geotechnical Support Adds 10 MW Dispatch Capacity at Two (2) Existing Wind Farms

° Read Case Study

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Battery Storage

WSP USA Energy

Our Future Ready® Conventional and Distributed Generation Solutions

Conventional and Distributed Generation Innovative solutions in conventional and distribution energy.

At key points during implementation, we perform project-specific design audits to make certain that the contracted scope of supply is met, agreed design standards have been applied and issues that might affect reliable long-term plant operation are identified and addressed. As a multidisciplinary consulting firm, we offer a full suite of relevant technical and advisory services in relation to power plant condition assessment, environmental analysis and engineering, including the retirement, demolition, re-purposing and decommissioning of power plants. We have worked with many utilities and owners at numerous power plants throughout the U.S.

For gas turbine, combined-cycle gas turbine, coal, waste-to-energy, diesel, oil, biofuel, biomass, bagasse, wood waste projects, we can provide end-to-end services to the highest levels of safety, quality and environmental standards. ° Development Stage Engineering ° Pre-Finance Services ° Engineer, Procurement and Construction (EPC) Contract Review ° Construction Stage Site Services ° Plant Acceptance Testing ° Contract Close Out/Warranty Services ° Power Plant Retirement, Decommissioning, Demolition and Re-Purposing ° Biofuels ° Waste-to-Energy ° Microgrids

WSP is a leader in the power industry. We provide comprehensive technical and project management services across project development

We recognize the critical importance of understanding a project’s strategic objectives, defining roles/ responsibilities from the outset and working to protect our client’s best interests for the entire project life cycle. Our work as an OE has included performing design audits of contractor proposals; monitoring time and cost expenditures; identifying and evaluating owner’s risks and looking for ways to mitigate them before and after contract award; producing equipment specifications and qualifying vendors; managing quality assurance procedures; and supporting procurement efforts.

and maintenance for power generation, transmission and

distribution and renewable energy projects. Our wide range of technical and advisory services include coal fired, biomass, biofuel and gas turbine projects across the U.S. We have serving in various roles, including owner’s engineer (OE). We have a successful track record in developing thermal power with our clients and responding to their own unique set of needs and challenges. We offer extensive experience in the role of owner’s engineer on power generation projects.

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WSP USA Energy

Wallingford Energy Center

Kettle Falls Fuel Yard Upgrade Detailed Engineering

Burns Harbor Microgrid

LOCATION Wallingford, Connecticut

CLIENT Wallingford Department of Public Utilities

LOCATION Kettle Falls, Washington

CLIENT Avista Energy

LOCATION Burns Harbor, Indiana

CLIENT Ports of Indiana (POI)

PROJECT ELEMENTS

One of the Cleanest U.S. Peaking Power Plants Design, Procurement and Construction Phase I Site Development and Phase II Detailed Design Existing Generating Station Site Decommissioning Five (5) Natural Gas Aero-Derivative Combustion Gas Turbine Generators with Air Pollution Minimization Selective Catalytic Reduction

New $20 Million Woodyard at Existing Power Plant 50-MW Electricity Production on Biomass Two (2) New Truck Dumpers One (1) New Wood Screen/Hog Conveyor to Existing Storage and Reclaim Piles Biomass Conveyors Deliver Clean Energy Boiler 80 TPHs

Microgrid Study Containing Comprehensive Feasibility of Technology, Economics and Grants Identify and Review Opportunities for On-Site Renewable Energy and Regional Biomass Wind Meteorological Mast Design and Specifications Load Analysis and Forecasting Resilience Requirements Analysis For Each Tenant $7 Million Pilot and $80 Million Full Project

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Conventional and Distributive Generation

WSP USA Energy

Our Future Ready® Hydropower® Solutions WSP's work on hydropower projects is part of our Future Ready® approach to advancing the energy transition and using clean energy to power our communities of the future. We are leveraging the new electrification economy with a focus on pumped storage. ° Environmental, Licensing and Permitting ° Powerhouse Generation ° General Dam Safety ° Feasibility Assessments ° Engineering and Design ° Regulatory Compliance ° Construction Services ° Program and Project Management

Hydropower Harnessing the power of water to meet clean energy goals.

WSP has 30+ years of experience addressing challenges on dam, hydropower and major water resource projects, ranging in size and scope from simple studies and assessments to complex, multi million-dollar, multidisciplinary efforts. We provide specialized engineering expertise in the development and maintenance of dams, hydropower systems and water infrastructure projects to help to power communities and industries worldwide while always keeping technical and environmental considerations in mind. We provide a full range of engineering, program management and construction engineering support services to meet the challenges of developing, operating and maintaining hydropower, dam and water resource projects.

We offer expertise in Federal Regulatory Energy Commission (FERC) dam safety, civil, structural,

geotechnical/geological and hydraulics/hydrology (H&H)

engineering. Our experts include electrical and mechanical designers and quality services consultants. We apply our technical expertise and ingenuity on all of our projects. Our team meets or exceeds client requirements in critical areas, such as safety, quality, budget, schedule, scope and responsiveness through careful attention to project management. We serve as owner’s engineer (OE) and FERC dam safety consultants on major projects. Our client relationships are strong, going back more than two decades.

° Licensing and Relicensing ° Structural Engineering

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WSP USA Energy

Chilhowee Dam Seismic Hazard Study and Embankment Repair

North Bala Falls Hydropower Project

Nant de Drance Pumped Storage

LOCATION Blount and Monroe Counties, Tennessee

CLIENT Brookfield Renewable Energy

LOCATION Bala, Ontario, Canada

CLIENT Swift River Energy Limited (SREL)

LOCATION Finhaut, Saint-Maurice, Valais, Switzerland

CLIENT Nant de Drance SA

PROJECT ELEMENTS

One of Four Hydroelectric Dams Totaling 380 MW (Smoky Mountain Hydro Project) Subsurface Investigation Program Determination of Embankment Deficiency Design of Embankment Rebuild and Secant Piles Quality Control Inspection Program Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Report

$30 Million 4.7 MW Kaplan Turbine 4% Energy Generation Increase Designed Complex Intake Canal Structure Using 3D Hydraulic Model Permitting and Engineering Services Construction and Commissioning Oversight Quality Assurance/Quality Control Compliance

New Underground Powerhouse Design and Construction of Pumped-Storage Hydroelectric Scheme 194 M x 32 M x 52 M Powerhouse Cavern Six (6) Variable-Speed Pump Turbines US $1.9 Billion Plant 900 MW Installed Capacity and 20 GWh Energy Storage Capacity 360 Cubic Meter Per Second Flow and 275 M Gross Head

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Hydropower

WSP USA Energy

Our Future Ready® Nuclear Solutions

Nuclear Powering the communities of the future.

WSP provides technically proficient environmental and engineering consulting services for all phases of power plant and infrastructure development. Our broad, in depth knowledge base and expertise allows us to develop tailored and innovative solutions to complex technical challenges. With strong geographic coverage, we have a global support system that can provide turn-key services and specialized expertise on a wide range of projects ° Nuclear Quality Assurance (NQA-1) Certification ° Safety and Non-Safety Related Subsurface Investigations ° Construction Materials Testing ° Environmental Siting and Permitting ° Environmental Report (ER) Preparation ° Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) and Senior Seismic Hazard Analysis Committee (SSHAC) Studies Levels 1-4 ° Radiological Surveying and Monitoring (Orion ScanPlot SM and Orion ScanSort SM Systems) ° Site Decontamination/Remediation

With experience in commercial nuclear energy dating back nearly 60 years, WSP is a global leader in the energy market. We provide a full range of services for the nuclear industry, including technical and economic assessments for new projects, siting, licensing, commissioning, civil engineering, seismic design and construction materials testing. Nuclear power represents the world’s largest source of carbon free dispatchable power producing approximately 20% of U.S. electricity generation. Additionally, nuclear power’s high-capacity factor (producing electricity more than 92% of the year) increasingly complements intermittent renewable energy sources like wind and solar. Our engineers and scientists are innovative and technically driven. We focus on providing practical, cost-effective solutions that meet both the technical and business goals of our clients. Our familiarity with current and emerging technologies in the power industry is an asset in working with regulators to address environmental and engineering issues.

We have expertise across the nuclear life cycle from uranium mining and new plant licensing to radioactive waste management and decommissioning/disposal facilities. Now, we are witnessing the development of the next generation of nuclear power with small modular reactors (SMRs), micro reactors, and advanced reactors (Gen IV) with applications to help further decarbonize the energy and industrial sectors.

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WSP USA Energy

TRISO-X Fuel Fabrication Facility

Natrium Demonstration Project

Orion ScanPlot SM and Orion ScanSort SM Systems

LOCATION Roane County, Tennessee

CLIENT X-Energy

LOCATION Lincoln County, Wyoming

CLIENT TerraPower

LOCATION Multiple Project Locations, United States

CLIENT Multiple Clients

PROJECT ELEMENTS

132 Geotechnical Borings Ranging From 50-1,500 Feet 52 Observation Well Installations, Developments and Samplings (50-150 Feet Below Grade) Shallow Aquifer Pumping Tests Piezocone Soundings, Including 20 Cone Penetration Tests (CPTs) and 7 Seismic CPTs 14 Test Pits Excavations Ranging From 8-15 Feet and 4-6 Feet

Advanced Radiation Detection/Measurement Technology Utilizes Scanning Spectrometer Instruments Rapid and Accurate Radiological Surveying/Monitoring Highly Accurate Field Survey Results GIS Data Mapping Surveyed 10-20 Acres Per Day Variety of Decommissioning Activities and Final Status Survey Requirements

Field Investigations/Analysis (Ecology, Water Resources, Cultural Resources, Noise and Socioeconomics) Geotechnical Investigation and Well Installation Subsurface Investigation and As-Drilled Boring Location Diagram

Site/Subsurface Condition Characterization Local Geology/Potential Geologic Hazards Geotechnical Investigation Data Reports

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Nuclear

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